The Economic Analysis Outsourced (2006)

Hesperosaurus - Facts and Figures

Hesperosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Hesperosaurus (Greek for western lizard); pronounced HESS-per-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (155 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, wide head with small brain; relatively blunt, oval-shaped plates on back; quadrupedal posture About Hesperosaurus Stegosaursthe spiked, plated dinosaursfirst evolved in Asia during the middle to late Jurassic period, then crossed over to North America a few million years later, where they prospered up until the cusp of the ensuing Cretaceous period. That would explain the in-between features of one of the first identified North American stegosaurs, Hesperosaurus, with its wide, round, mushroom-shaped dorsal plates and unusually short and blunt head (earlier stegosaurs from Asia possessed smaller skulls and less ornate plates, while the skull of Stegosaurus, which followed Hesperosaurus by about five million years, was much more narrow). Ironically, the near-complete skeleton of Hesperosaurus was discovered in 1985 during an excavation of its much more famous cousin. Initially, the near-complete skeleton of Hesperosaurus was interpreted as an individual, or at least a species, of Stegosaurus, but by 2001 it was classified as a separate genus. (Just to show that paleontology is not set in stone, a recent re-examination of Hesperosaurus remains led to the conclusion that Hesperosaurus was actually a Stegosaurus species after all, and the authors recommended that the closely related stegosaur genus Wuerhosaurus should also be so assigned. The verdict is still out, and for the time being, Hesperosaurus and Wuerhosaurus retain their genus status.) However you choose to classify Hesperosaurus, theres no mistaking the distinctive plates on this dinosaurs back (about a dozen roundish, short structures significantly less pointed and dramatic than the comparable plates on Stegosaurus) and its spiked tail, or thagomizer. As with Stegosaurus, we dont know for sure why Hesperosaurus evolved these features; the plates may have aided in intra-herd recognition or served some kind of signaling function (say, turning bright pink in the presence of raptors and tyrannosaurs), and the spiked tail may have been wielded in combat by males during mating season (the winners earning the right to pair with females) or used to inflict puncture marks on curious predators. Speaking of mating, once recent study of Hesperosaurus (published in 2015) speculates that this dinosaur was sexually dimorphic, the males differing anatomically from the females. Surprisingly, though, the author proposes that female Hesperosaurus possessed narrower, pointier plates than the males, whereas most of the sexual differentiation in large animals (both millions of years ago and today) favors the males of the species! To be fair, this study has not been widely accepted by the paleontology community, perhaps because its based on too few fossil specimens to be considered conclusive

If there are deep differences in the moral standards of different Essay

If there are deep differences in the moral standards of different cultures, what implications would this have for the nature of morality - Essay Example In this light, all persons are entitled to decide what is right for them. Thus, an act becomes true for one person if he or she believes it to be so. Moral relativism is a widely held position in a post-modern world, especially in places where people use it to excuse or allow certain actions. Furthermore, moral relativism comes in several forms: utilitarianism, evolutionism, existentialism, ‘emotivism’, and ‘situationism’. All of these variations of moral relativism share a single unifying theme, as highlighted in Moral Relativism – Neutral Thinking?, that rightness or wrongness is a product of human preference, which highly depends on cultural and historical circumstances. According to another online article entitled Book Review: Morality Matters, there are four essential consequences of moral relativism to human societies: cross-cultural criticism, intra-cultural criticism, intra-cultural conflict, and moral degradation. Firstly, cross-cultural conflict points at the difficulty of judging morally objectionable acts of one culture, such as murder and terrorism. Although such acts are inherently and naturally abhorred by human nature, these acts are deemed to be beyond the evaluation of another culture. Secondly, intra-cultural criticism underscores the problem in consulting one’s ethical standards to the moral codes of society since, more often than not, these codes are subject to the ruler’s subjective viewpoints which may be logically and morally erroneous. Thirdly, intra-cultural conflict states the impossibility of solving disagreements within a culture since all beliefs are morally equal. Thus, choosing one belief over another is difficult for there is no moral standard. Lastly, moral degradation claims that the perfection of moral standards is hardly attainable since it is the cultural circumstance and not the conceptual quality of the moral code that